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Cardiology is a medical specialty and the branch of internal medicine that deals with heart conditions. It deals with the diagnosis and treatment of conditions such as congenital heart defects, coronary artery disease, electrophysiology, heart failure and heart valve disease. Sub-specialties of cardiology are cardiac electrophysiology, echocardiography, interventional cardiology and nuclear cardiology.

cardiovascular system

The basic functioning of the cardiovascular system includes the way the heart processes oxygen and nutrients from the blood, this is called the coronary circulation. The circulatory system consists of coronary arteries and coronary vessels.

There are a number of cardiovascular system disorders that are treated and studied in the field of cardiology. Among them is the acute coronary syndrome, which covers a wide range of myocardial infarction symptoms. Angina pectoris, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease and restenosis are other common disorders. The broader disease categories in the field of cardiology include cardiac arrest; disorders of the myocardium or heart muscle, including varieties of cardiomyopathy; disorders of the pericardium or outer membrane of the heart, including types of pericarditis; disorders of the heart valves, including the aortic valve, mitral valve, pulmonary valve, and tricuspid valve; congenital heart defects ranging from atrial septal defect to ventricular septal defect; blood vessel diseases or vascular diseases including aneurysm, deep vein thrombosis, varicose veins, vasculitis and other diseases of blood vessels.

Various types of balloons and various devices are used in cardiology, including defibrillators, pacemakers, and stethoscopes. Artificial hearts are also used and studied in the field of cardiology.

cardiologists

Cardiologists are called cardiologists. Some of the strategies used by cardiologists to combat cardiovascular disease include coronary artery bypass surgery, percutaneous coronary intervention, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, and stent placement. Cardiologists can also diagnose cardiovascular disorders using blood tests, cardiac stress tests, echocardiography or electrocardiography or computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging techniques.

The education required to become a cardiologist includes more than 10 years of training in internal medicine and specialty programs.

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